Method of and apparatus for making paper



March 18, 1930. J. TRAQUAIR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPERFiled April 5. 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet. l

March 18, 1930. J. TRAQUAIR METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING PAPERFiled April 3, 1926 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 gnpvntoz Patented Mar. 18, 11%30 eears rer JOHN TRAQUA IR, OF CHILLICOTHE, OHIO, ASSIGNOR TO THE MEAD PUL?& EAIEEB COMPANY, OF DAYTON, OHIO, A CORPORATION OF OHIO METHOD OF ANDAPPARATUS FOR -MAKING IPAZPER Application filed. April 3, 1926. SerialNo. 99,530.

This invention relates to the manufacture of paper. I

One of the principal objects of the invention is to provide a method offorming paper which is efficient and effective in operation, andproduces a paper of marked superiority over any untreated paper asheretofore manufactured; and to also provide apparatus for carrying outthat method.

Another object of the invention is to 'provide a method of and apparatusfor forming a paper sheet having uniform characteristics on both sides.

Other objects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from thefollowing description when taken in connection with theaccompanyingdrawing. In the drawing in which like characters ofreference designatelike parts throughout the several views thereof,

r Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic, elevational view, of a paper-formingmachineconstructed in accordance with this invention;

Fig. 2 is a similar view of a slightly modified form of apparatus;

Fig. 3 is an elevational view-of part of the mechanism shown in Fig. 2;and

Fig. 4 is a similar view of still another modified form of apparatus.

Paper, today, is formed almost universally by flowing stock, composed offibers suspended in water, upon a, wire; the water of the stock passingthrough the wire and leaving the fibers upon the wire interlaced as amat or web. This web of fibrous material is removed from the wire, andsubjected to pressing, drying, and other treatment, to produce themachine finish paper. This sheet of paper may be thereafter subjected toca-lcndering to give it an improved finish" It may be coated to give itstill a different finish. Or it may be otherwise treated as desired. Allof these steps in forming and finishing the sheet are well known andgenerally used. The character of the paper, for a given character offibrous material and given calendering or other final treatment, isdetermined by the treatment which it receives at the time it is formedupon the wire. And this forming part or end is generally called in thetrade I the wet end.

Obviously, and this is well known in the art, when'the stock is flowedupon the wire and the water escapes through the wire leaving the mat orweb of paper, the side of the web of paper which is in direct contactwith the wire will have different surface characteristics from the upperside which is not in contact with the wire, and suchdifferentcharacteristics will carry through, in greater or less degree, into thefinished paper, This variation in surface character is called in thetrade two-sidedness.

It is a general practice in the manufacture of certain grades of paper,such as book paper and the like, to incorporate inthe stock, before itis flowed onto the wire, finely-divided clay or similar material whichisheld in sus v 70 pension in the water along With'the paperformingfibers. and constitutes a filling ma-' te rial. This filling material,or filler as it is i generally called, tends to fill up the intersticesand improve the quality of the surface of the paper sothat whenfinished, or subsequently treated, it will have a better charf acter.

Because of the two-sidedness above referred to, the amount of fillerwhich may be added to paper as it has been heretofore manu factured isvery definitely limited. For during formation of the web of paper, thefiller becomes unevenly distributed through the web. Some of the filleris carried away with the water which escapes from the web, and aconsiderably greater'proportion of the filler remaining in the web is inthe upper or non- ,wire side of the sheet and a smaller proportion inthe wire side. Increasing percentages of filler give increasinglydiverging effects upon the characteristics of the upper side and thewire side of the web; that is,the greater the amount of filler which isincorporated in the paper the greater the differential between the twosides. Consequently there is a very definite limit to the amount offiller which may be incorporated without producing two-sidedness whichis so marked as to render the paper commercially undesirable. F orexample, it is customary to limit the filler content in printing paper,such as book paper, to less than 20% on the weight of the total solidsof the paper forming stock.

Where paper is made in accordance with the method disclosed herein, thistwo-sided ness in the finished paper is entirely avoided.

This is accomplished by forming the paper in two webs, removing theformed webs and placing the wire side of each of the two webs together,and then treating the conjoint webs to form a single sheet of paper,both sides of which then present the desirable characteristics normallypresent in the upper sige,that is the side opposite to the wire s1 e.

This method of forming paper which is devoid of two-sidedness may beadvantageously carried out on the apparatus diagrammatically shown inFig. 1, which constitutes one preferred embodiment of apparatus foraccomplishing this method.

In this embodiment of the invention the paper forming stock, includingsuch filler as desired, is flowed simultaneously upon two wet endforming parts respectively designate d, generally, by the letters A andB. As shown these two forming parts are oppositely arranged. That is,they are positioned in general alignment with their respective deliveryen'dsthe ends which correspond to the couch roll end of a conventionalFourdrinier machine, and from which the formed wet web of paper isremoved from the forming wireadjacent each other; while their respectiveinlet ends-the ends at which the stock is delivered or flowed onto theforming wiresare spaced apart. Except for such mechanical. changes andrearrangement of parts as are incidental to one of the forming partsbeing left handed while the other is right handed these two wet ends aresimilar in construction and operation.

Each of these wet ends comprises a flow box 10 to which the stock issupplied in any suitable conventional manner. Satisfactory results maybe secured with the type of flow box diagrammatically indicated on thedrawing. The stock is delivered teeachflow box back of the partition 11and overflows that partition into the space back of the slice 12. Thisslice is adjustably mounted so that the extent of the inlet opening 13may be varied to meet varying operating .conditions. An agitator 14which is shown as a perforated cylindrical hollow roll mounted on arotatable drum (although any other suitable known type of agitator maybe used) is associated with the inlet opening to stir the stock andmaintain the desired distribution of the fiber and filler in thecarrying water as the stock is flowed onto the wire. This agitator isdriven in suitable manner from the driving mechanism of the formingpart, as is well known in the art and therefQI'e not illustrated.

The stock flowing from the inlet is de-- livered 'onto an endless wire,of the usual characteristics found in wires for paper making, so far asconcerns mesh, the material of which it is made, etc. But in thisapparatus the wire is very much shorter than the wires used onconventional Fourdrinier parts.

It has been found that in the formation of a paper sheet or web on atravelling wire, a considerable proportion of the water of the stockescapes through the wire during the first few feet of travel, which maybe called the initial forming zone, with the formation of a filter matupon the wire through which the remaining quantity of water tends toescape more slowly. Consequently it has been necessary to use wires ofconsiderable length to give sufficient time for the desired quantity ofwater to escape through the forming web of paper.

By subjecting the stock upon the wn-e to suction,as it is flowed ontothe w1r e, t he escape of water through the wire in the 1n1t1al formingzone can be materially increased. In fact, in this method of paperformation, as large, or even a larger, "percentage of the water in thestock may be withdrawn as the stock'travels on the wire through asuctlon zone of a comparatively. few inches, as w1ll be withdrawn in theconventional Fourdrinier machine having a wire of a length of many feet.

' The total length of the wire may therefore be cut down to very smallproportions. In Fig. 1 is shown a forming wire, with associated suctionmeans, of the character generally described just above. This wire 20, as

ed upon, and travels over, a suction roll 21-" which in its location,and as a supporting means for the wire, corresponds to the conventionalbreast roll as used in the usual Fourdrinier type machineand twosupporting and guide'rolls 22 and 23. These guide rolls servesubstantially the same function as the conventional couch roll, guidingand porting the Wire, and being located in that zone of the wire fromwhich the formed'web of paper is picked off or removed from the wire.Preferably these two rolls are spaced apart a distance corresponding tothe diameter of the roll 21. This construction is not at all essential,nd if desired one roll at the delivery end may be used, or a pluralityof rolls as desired. The primary function and purpose of these rollsis'to support and guide the wire, It is desirable, however, to use tworolls which are adjustable with respect toeach other so that the tensionof the wire may be adjusted as. desired. The partl ular meansgrammatically illustrated.

for adjustably mounting these rolls is not shown, since any suitablemechanism of types well known in the paper-making industry may be usedfor this purpose. And in one modification described below adjustablemeans of suitable character is somewhat dia- The roll 21 is a suctionroll. It is preferably a hollow drum, the surface of which is ofnon-corrosive material and is perforated to permit the ready flow ofwater therethrough. Located inside of the roll, and in fixed positionare two suction boxes 25 and 26. The suction boxes are so located withinthe roll 21 that the stock flowed onto the wire from the inlet openingis delivered onto the wire within the suction zone. Preferably twosuction boxes are used, although of course one box could be used ifdesired. The first of these suction boxes, that designated at 25, whichis located beneath the delivery zone of the stock is under lower vacuumthan the other box 26, which is located beneath what may be called thesecondary portion of the paper-forming zone. As the stock is firstflowed onto the wire the water of the stock flows very readily throughthe wire, and considerable acceleration of this flow is secured with acomparatively low vacuum. But as the water escapes in this initialsuction zone a mat of fiber builds up on the wire which cuts down therate of flow, and in the second suction zone therefore the forming paperweb is subjected to increased suction, due to increased vacuum, to causeremoval of the water at the desired rate. In the apparatus as shown thecombined suction zone, in which the paper is subjected to rapid waterremoving action, is about thirty-five inches although nearly all thewater removed in the wet end is removed in the first few inches of thesuction zone. This may be increased or decreased as desired to meetvarying operating conditions, but very satisfactory results may beobtained with substantially this extent of suction zone, when used inconnection with the degree of vacuum referred to above and practicallyany wire speeds ordinarily used. The precise construction of the roll21, and of the suction boxes 25 and 26 are not shown in detail, sincethey may be of any suitable known character, such for example as shownand fully described in the patent to William H. Millspaugh, Reissue No.13,100, reissued April 12, 1910.

At the delivery end of each of the wet end portions A and B is a suctionroll, the primary function of which is to pick the formed web of paperfrom the forming wire and deliver it onto a conveying belt of felt orthe like. The direction of-travel of the wires in the two wet ends A andB is opposite, the wire in the wet end A traveling in a clockwisedirection, as indicated by the arrow, and the wire in the wet end Btraveling in a counter-clockwise direction as indicated by the arrow.These directions of travel may be varied with suitable variations in thecooperating parts. 7 The suction roll cooperating with the delivery endof the wet end B is designated by the numeral 30. It too may be of thegeneral construction shown in the above designated Millspaugh patent.This roll has passing thereover an endless felt belt 31, of theconventional character used in paper machinery, which belt is supportedby a plurality of supporting and guide rolls 32; one of these supportingrolls being designated by the numeral 33, this particular roll beingadjnstably mounted. The adjustable mounting of the rolls 22 and 23 issuch that the wire carried by those rolls may be held against the feltcarried by the suction roll 30 with any desired operating pressure.Also, as shown,

these two rolls 22 and 23 are arranged with their axes in a planeinclined against the direction of travel of the wire,+ as a result ofwhich the wire passes over the roll which is located closer to thesuction roll and at an obtuse angle, while passing overthe other roll atan acute angle. Because of the rapiditv with which the water maybewithdrawn from the web of paper, in the suction zone of 1 the rolls 21,high-speed production may be secured. And the speed of travel of thewire may be so great that there is a tendency for the web to jump offthe wire it its direction of travel is abruptly changed as the Wirepasses over the roll 22. By arranging the roll 22 so that the rapidityof change of direction is decreased this tendency is overcome.

The suction roll 30 is preferably positively driven at a speed whichwill give the felt 31 substantially the same rate of travel as the wire20. The drive for this roll, as is the case with the drive for each ofthe other rolls, is not illustrated since it may be of any suitableconventional character, such drives as are generally used in-the art.The suction box 34 within the roll 30 is located so that the zone ofcontact of the felt carrier 31 and the wire 20 lies within the suctionzone. As the wire carries the formed web of paper into this suction zonethe paper is picked off the wire and held against the felt carrier, andthen travels along the felt carrier around the roll 30.

The suction roll 40, which is associated with the delivery end of thewetend portion A' is similar in construction and operation to the suctionroll 30, but is provided with two suction boxes 41 and 42. This rollalso has a felt carrier or conveyor 45 traveling there I over, which issupported by suitable rolls 46, one of these rolls being designated bythe numeral 47 and being preferably adjustable to or (during operation)against the web of formed paper on the wire 20 of the wet end portion A.It also is pressed into contact with the felt 31-. One of the suctionboxes of this roll 40,-the one designated 42-, provides a suction zonefor the felt 31 while the other suction box 41 provides a suction zonefor the wire 20 of the wet end portion A. As a result, during operation,the suction box 41 picks off the wire of the wet end portion A thetraveling formed sheet pf paper, which travels around the suction box 40with the wire face of the paper away from the suction roll. As this webof paper travels around the suction roll it passes in surface contactwith the web of paper from the wet end portion B which is being carriedby the felt 31, the wire face of this latter web of paper being alsooutwardly presented. As the two component webs of paper pass through thezone of contact of the suction roll 40 with the felt 31 they are pressedtogether, with the wire faces against each other to form a compositesheet in which the other two or non-wire 'faces form the final surfaceof the completed composite sheet of paper. This composite sheet of papertravels over the felt 45, in the direction of the arrow.

As stated above the roll 33 is made adjustable. This adjustment is withrespect to both the suction roll 30 and the suction roll 40. Withrespect to the suction roll 30 adjustment of the roll 33 effects thetension of the felt. But of course this tension may be adjusted bymaking any of the other rolls, 32, adjustable. With respect to the roll40 the roll 33 is made adjustable so that the pressure of the felt3lagainst-the suction roll 40 may be varied to give desired operatingconditions. It is to be noted also that direct contact of-the suctionrolls 30 and 40 with either of the rolls wires ,or felts, and notagainst rigid or un-.

yielding parts.

Adjacent the delivery point from the felt 45 the sheet of paper passesbetween two press rolls '55 and 60. These rolls may be of any suitableconventional; construction. Preferably, however, the upper roll 55 is aconventional press roll, while the lower roll 60 is a suction roll, ofthe type of the above Millspaugh patent. These two rolls exert pressureupon the paper and squeeze out of the paper some of the water which isstill in it. This water which is expressed tends to collect in the nipand to unduly wet the paper at'that point. By using the suction roll 60,which has the suction box 61 so positioned therein as to provide asuction zone adjacent this point of contact, this expressedwater isremoved.

This suctionroll has an additional function in thatit prevents the webof paper lifting off of the carrierand following around the upper pressroll as it has a tendency to sometimes do.

After the formed sheet'of paper, which is now free from almost all ofthe moisture originally. in the stock, passes through the press rolls itis picked off of the felt L5 in the conventional manner and thencepassed through further presses and suitable drying mechanism, afterwhich it may be given any additional treatment that may 'be desired,such as calen-dering, or supercalendering. Either with or without suchtreatment it may be rolled for use,,or it may be subsequently coated, orotherwise treated, to give any other desired characteristics.

However, as the paper is formed and travels through the mechanismdescribed the two wire faces of the component webs are positionedtogether, inside the body of the final formed sheet, and the twosurfaces presented in this composite sheet are identical, in that eachouter surface constitutes the upper sur face in the forming part, andconstitutes the surface which has been in contact with the respectiveconveyor belts 31 and 45. These two surfaces therefore are exactlyalike. Two-sidedness is not present, and the percentage of filler can beconsiderably increased without detriment to the paper, in fact withincrease in desirable final characteristics of the paper. Thus a fillercontent in excess of 20% may be used with advantageous results. For bysuitably increasing. the quantity of filler, a paper may be producedwhich, when calendered properly will approach in characteristics coatedpaper. This particular question of two-sidedness is especiallyimportant-in connection with the better grades of paper such as are usedfor the manufacture of books and of magazines; but of course thismethod, and theapparatus for carrying it out, adapt themselves to theproduction of paper which is also particularly desirable for other uses.1

In Figs. 2 and 3 is shown a slightly modified form of apparatus. In thisform the suction rolls 20 are located above the rolls 22' and 23', andadjacent each other. A common flow box may thus be used, having twoinlet orifices 76, and suitable partitions and slices. Of course ifdesired two separate flow boxes may be used. Located at the deliveryend'of each of the wet end portions A" and B is a suction roll, theserolls being designated respectively by the numerals S1 and 82. Each ofthese rolls is so located that its point of. contact with the wire, orthe web of paper carried by the wire, is between the cooperating rolls22' and 23', and each of them may be of the Millspaugh construction witha suction box 83 therein to pick the paper web off of the wire. The roll81 has an additional suction box 84 therein to pick the against theother web of paper. These two rolls are adjustably mounted with respectto each other so that the contact between them may be adjusted asdesired. A simple form' of mounting of this character is shown. Thismounting comprises a supporting bracket 85, which is mounted upon asuitable standard 86 and vertically adjustable by means of cap screws 87Each of the rolls is suitably supported, by means of bearings 88 and 89upon these brackets, one of the bearings-as shown the bearing 89-beingslidably mounted on the bracket, and a spring tensionin'g means 90 beingprovided for each bearing 89 for urging the rolls toward each other.

Cooperating with the roll 81 is a third suction roll 95, of the sameconstruction as described, and having a single suction box 96. This roll95 has a felt 97 running thereover, and the suction box 96 of this rollserves to pick the composite web of paper off of the roll 81 and todeliver it onto this felt. From this point it is passed through suitablepress rolls, and then picked off of the felt and passed through suitabledrying and other equipment, as described above. -The wires of these twowet ends A and B travel in the direction of the arrows, and in this caseas described above,

the wire facesof the component paper webs are pressed together so thatthe non-wire or outer faces'of these component webs constitute the outersurfaces of the finished sheet of paper. a

In Fig. 4 is shown still another somewhat modified form of construction.

In this construction the two forming parts C and D are used, which, asdescribed above, are similar in construction and operation, except in sofar as any change is necessary because of one being left-hand and theother right-hand. Each of these forming parts comprises a suction roll100 at the stock inlet, 7

and two supporting rolls 101 and 102 at the formed sheet delivery end, awire 103, of the character described above, traveling over these rollsduring operation. Located beneath each of the suction rolls 100 is a vator tray 105 into which is introduced, as needed, a supply ofpaper-forming stock. The ar rangement of these parts is such that eachof the suction rolls and its associated wire dips into the stock withinits cooperating vat. As shown, the roll 100 of the wet end (J travels ina clockwise direction as indicated by the'arrow, while the roll 100 ofthe wet end D travels'in a counter-clockwisedirection as indicated, andof course the wire associated with each of these rolls travels in acorresponding direction.

As the surface of each roll 100, and the wire carried thereby, travelsthrough the stock in its associated vat there is a tendency to force thestock in the direction of travel of these parts and to cause wavestherein. In order to prevent this, and to maintain proper distributionof the fiber, etc., in the water, an agitator 106 is positioned in eachvat. These agitators may be of the perforated roll type described above,but they are shown herein as shafts each carrying a plate 107 at eachend having rods or wires 108 spaced around the peripherals of suchplates. Each of these agitators is preferably positioned to one side ofits cooperating suction roll, and rotates in a direction opposite to thedirection of rotation of the roll so that it has a tendency to throw thestock upwardly against the suction roll. Each of the rolls 100 hastherein two suction boxes 110 and 111, which as described above inconnection with the suction boxes 25 and 26 are under different vacuum,the suction box 110 being under substantially the same vacuum as suctionbox 25 and suc tion box 111 the same as suction box 26. In order toexpedite removal of the water which is withdrawn from the stock by thesuction boxes, a plurality of suction pipes 112 are provided, inside thesuction boxes 110 and 111, which suction pipes are perforated and veyorassociated therewith, these two conveyors being designated respectivelyby the numerals 122 and 123.

The conveyor 123'is supported by suitable rolls, one of these rollsbeing designated by the numeral 124: and the others by the numeral 125.This roll 124 is adjustable as described in connection with roll 33.Cooperating with the felt 122, which is also supported by suitable rolls126, is a suction roll 127, which is the same in character as thesuction rolls 121. that the suction zone thereof is located at the zoneof contact of the felt 122 with the felt 123. Adjustability is given tothey roll 124: so that the degree of contact between the felt 123 andthe roll 127 may be controlled.

The operation of this device is substantially the same as that describedabove. The suction within the suction rolls 100 withdraws from the stockin the vats 105 some of the water, at the same time pressing the fibersin that stock against the traveling wire, these fibers interlacing toform the web of paper.

The water is extracted from this web of pa- This roll is so positionedfelts 122 and 123, and at the zoneof contact of the two felts, at theroll 127, the web of rolls, and subjected to any desired subsequenttreatment, as described above.

While the method herein described, and the forms of apparatus forcarrying this method into effect, constitute preferred embodiments ofthe invention, it is to be understood that the invention is not limitedto this precise method and forms of apparatus, and that changes may bemade in either without departing from the scope of the invention whichis defined in the appended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. In the manufacture of paper, the method of forming-a composite webwhich is free from two-sidedness which comprises forming a component webon one traveling wire, forming a second component web on anothertraveling wire, removing by suction each com-' ponent web from itsrespective traveling wire, and bringing the said component Webs soformed in contact with each other with the wire sides together to unitethe same.

2. In apparatus of the characterdescribed forforming paper which is freefrom twosidedness, two cooperative traveling forming wires, means forflowing paper-forming stock upon each traveling wire, means forsubjecting said paper forming stock to suction as it is flowed onto eachof the said wires, and suction means in juxtaposition to the two saidwires to contact with the webs thereon for removing from each wire'theweb of paper formed thereon and uniting the said webs into asinglecomponent sheet with the wire sides of the said webs together.

3. In apparatus of the character described for forming paper which isfree from twosidedness, two cooperative traveling forming wires, meansfor flowing paper-forming stock upon each travellng wire, means forsubjecting said paper-forming stock to suction as it is fiOWGdzOIltOeach of the said wires, a suction roll cooperating with each of saidwires and contacting with the web thereon for removing from each suchwire the web of paper formed thereon, and means for combining the twosaid formed webs with the wire sides is flowed onto each of the saidwires,a roll cooperating with each said wire; a conveying -felt carriedby each of the said rolls and held in contact with the cooperating oneof the said forming wires, suction means for removing the formed webfrom each wire and transferring it to the cooperating conveying feltwith the wire sides out of contact with the said felts, and means forremoving the formed web from one felt and uniting it with the formed webon the other felt with the two wire sides together.

5. In apparatus of the character described for forming paper which isfree from twosidedness, two cooperative traveling forming wires, meansfor flowing paper-forming stock upon each traveling wire, means forsubjecting said paper-forming stock to suction as it is flowed onto eachofthe said wires, a roll cooperating with each said wire; a conveyingfelt carried by each of the said rolls and held in contact with thecooperating one of the said forming wires, suction means for removingthe formed web from each wire and transferring it to the cooperatingconveying felt with the wire sides out of contact with the said felts,and means for removing the formed web from one felt and uniting it withthe formed web on the other felt with the two wire sides together, saidremoving means comprising'a suction roll. i

6. In apparatus of the character described, a traveling wire, means forflowing paperforming stock upon said wire, a rotatable suction rollsupporting said wire adjacent the stock delivering means, a plurality ofrotatable rolls supporting the delivery portion of said wire, said rollsbeing arranged in a plane inclined against the direction of travel ofthe wire, and means for removing the web from said wire intermediatesaid rotatable rolls.

7. In apparatus of the character described,

a traveling wire, means for flowing paper- I forming 'stock upon saidwire, a rotatable suction intermediate two of the said rotatablesupporting rolls.

8. In apparatus of the character described sidedness, two cooperativetraveling forming wires, means for forming a paper web upon eachtraveling wire, a rotatable roll cooperating with the delivery portionof each wire, a

conveying felt carried by each of the said rotatable rolls and held incontact with the cooperating one of the said forming wires, 'a suctionpocket in each roll for removing the formed web from each wire andtransferring it to the cooperating conveying felt with the wire side ofeach web turned out and the smooth side in to contact with itscooperating felt, a plurality of supporting rolls for each of the saidconveying felts, said suction rolls forfforming paper which is free fromtwoand said felt supporting rolls being so positioned that the webssupported by their conveying felts are brought in contact with the wiresides together, and means positioned at said contact to unite said Websand to transfer the composite sheet to one of the conveying felts, suchconveying felt being constructed to transport said composite sheetthrough the first wet press.

9. In apparatus of the character described for forming paper which isfree from twosidedness, two cooperative traveling forming Wires, meansfor forming a paper Web upon each traveling wire, a rotatable rollcooperating with the delivery portion of each wire, a conveying feltcarried by each of the said rotatable rolls and held in contact with thecooperating one of the said forming wires, a suction pocket in each rollfor removing the formed web. from each Wire and transferring it to thecooperating conveying felt with the Wire side of each web turned out andthe smooth side in to contact with its cooperating felt, a plurality ofsupporting rolls for each of the said conveying felts, said suctionrolls and said felt supporting rolls being so positioned that one of thewebs carried by its conveying felt after leaving its suction roll isbrought in contact with the other Web carried by its conveying feltwhile traveling around its'suction roll, and a second suction pocket insaid latter suction roll adjacent said contact for uniting said webswith the wire sides together and for transferring said composite sheetto one of said conveying felts.

10. I In apparatus of the character described for formingpaper which isfree from twosidedness, two cooperative traveling forming wires, meansfor forming a paper web upon each traveling wire, a rotatable rollcooperatmg with the delivery portion of each wire, a conveying feltcarried by each of the said rotatable rolls and held in contact with thecooperating one of the said forming wires, a suction pocket in each rollfor removing the formed web from each wire and transferring 1t tothecooperating conveying felt with the wlre side of each web turned outand the smooth side in to contact with its cooperating felt, a pluralityof supporting rolls for each of the said conveying felts, said suctionrolls and said felt supporting rolls being so positloned that one of thewebs carried by its conveying felt after leaving its suction roll isbrought in contact with the other web carried by its conveying feltwhile traveling around its suction roll, a second suction pocket in saidlatter suction roll adjacent said contact for uniting said webs with thewire sides together and for transferring said'composite sheet to one ofsaid conveying felts, and an adjustable means for one of said feltsupporting rolls for controlling the pressure of said contact. 11. Inthe manufacture of printing paper, the method which comprisesincorporating'in a paper forming stock an amount of filler in excess of20% of the weight of the total solids of the stock such as to give anobjectionable two-sidedness to a sheet of paper formed from said stockand to provide a sheet having an upper or felt surface of superiorprinting quality, forming a component web on one nature.

JOHN TRAQUAIR.

